FREE ESSAY ON THE WATERGATE SCANDAL

THE WATERGATE SCANDAL

The Watergate Scandal
Essay written by Unknown
The Watergate Scandal was a series of crimes committed by the President and his staff,
who were found to spied on and harassed political opponents, accepted illegal campaign
contributions, and covered up their own misdeeds. On June 17, 1972, The Washington Post
published a small story. In this story the reporters stated that five men had been
arrested breaking into the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee. The
headquarters was located in a Washington, D.C., building complex called Watergate. These
burglars were carrying enough equipment to wiretap telephones and take pictures of
papers.
The Washington Post had two reporters who researched deep into the story. There names
were Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward, they discovered that one of the suspects had an
address book with the name and phone number of a White House official who could have been
involved in the crime. The reporters suspected that the break-in had been ordered by
other White House officials. 
In a press conference on August in 1972, President Nixon said that nobody on the White
House Staff was involved in the crime. Most of the public accepted Nixon's word and
dropped the questioning. But when the burglars went to trial four months later, the story
changed rapidly from a small story to a national scandal. It ended only when Richard
Nixon was forced from office. 
Watergate was connected to Vietnam, it eventually exposed a long series of illegal
activities in the Nixon administration. Nixon and his staff were found to have spied on
and harassed political opponents, planned contributions to the campaign, and tried to
cover-up their illegal acts. These crimes that they did were called the Watergate
scandal, named after the building that it happened.
For years Nixon was carrying on the crimes and they were not noticed until now. 1969 was
the really date in which Watergate was really beginning. It all started when the White
House staff made up a list called enemies list. Nixon had enemies which include 200
liberal politicians, journalists and actors. Most of these people made a public speech
against the Vietnam war. Nixon's aides formed a conducts tax audits on these people that
he thought were enemies. He also had agents find out secret information that would harm
them.
Nixon was always worried about govt. Employees revealing secret info. To the news paper
or any sort of press. The presidents agents helped him by wiretapping phone lines that
belonged to reporters in order to find any revealing some material. Nixon was so worried
that during the Cambodia bombing he had to wiretap his own staff members.
On June in 1971, The New York Times formed work that was published about the history of
the Vietnam War, these were known as the Pentagon Papers. They got the information from
secret government papers. The papers blamed the policies that were formed and caused the
beginning of the war in Vietnam. Daniel Ellsberg, a former employee , gave the documents
to the paper. Nixon became very angry by their publishes.
Nixon tied to make Ellsberg's actions a form of treason, but he was not content to take
him to court. Instead he made a secret group of CIA agents they were called the plumbers
this is a name made up because they cover up leaks, such as the pentagon papers, that
could hurt the White House. While they were searching for info. They found Ellsberg's
psychiatrist's office. They discovered nothing wrong. The next time the plumbers are
involved is the next election. 
Nixon was always worried about having enough votes for the election in 1972. Nixon was
concerned that Edmund Muskie of Maine would win because he was the strongest Democratic
candidate. Hoping to wipe out Edmund from the competition, the plumbers began to play a
bunch of so called dirty tricks. They issued make believe statements in Muskie's name and
told the press false rumors about him, so that they could publish it to the public. And
most of all, they sent a letter to the New Hampshire newspaper starting that Muskie was
making mean remarks about French Canadian ancestry. All of these aides forced Nixon to
begin getting above Muskie in the elections. 
Overall, the Democratic nomination went to George McGovern, a liberal senator from South
Dakota. His supporters included many people who supported the civil rights, anti-war, and
environmental movements of the 1960s. McGovern had fought to make the nomination process
more open and democratic. Congress had also passed the 26th amendment to the Constitution
allowing eighteen-year-Olds to vote. As a result, the 1972 Democratic Convention was the
first to include large numbers of woman, minorities, and young people among the
delegates.
McGovern's campaign ran into trouble early. The press revealed that his running mate,
Thomas Eagleton, had once received psychiatric treatment. First McGovern stood by
Eagleton. Then he abandoned him , picking a different running mate. In addition, many
Democratic voters were attached to Nixon because of his conservative positions on the
Vietnam War and law enforcement.
Meanwhile, Nixon's campaign sailed smoothly along, aided by millions of dollars in funds.
Nixon campaign officials collected much of the money illegally. Major corporations were
told to contribute at least 100,000 dollars each. The collected much it clear that the
donations could easily buy the companies influence with the White House. Many large
corporations went along. As shipbuilding tycoon George Steinbrenner said it was a
shakedown. A plain old-fashioned shakedown
The final blow to McGovern's chances came just days before the election, when Kissinger
announced that peace was at hand in Vietnam. McGovern had made his political reputation
as a critic of the war, and the announcement took the wind out of his sails. Nixon scored
an enormous victory. He received over 60 percent of the popular vote and won every state
except Massachusetts. Congress, however, remained under Democratic control.
On January of 1973, two months after Nixon had won the presidential election, the
misdeeds of Watergate began to surface. The Watergate burglars went on trial in
Washington D.C.., courtroom. James McCord, one of the burglars , gave shocking evidence.
A former CIA agent who had led the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in 1961, McCord worked
for the Nixon re-election campaign. McCord testified that people in higher office had
paid people hush money to the burglar who were involved in Watergate. With the money they
were supposed to conceal White House involvement in the crime.
After they investigated for awhile, they quickly found out that the break-in was approved
by the attorney General, John Mitchell. Even thought John Mitchell was one of the most
trusted advisors, Nixon denied to know anything about the break-in and cover-up of the
crime. The public found out not to soon that Nixon was not telling the truth. The public
also found out that Nixon had ordered his aides to block any info to the investigators.
The White House also tried to stop flow of the investigations, because they were afraid
that it would uncover very important secrets. Nixon would not appear at the congressional
committee, complaining that if he were to testify it would violate the separation of
powers. Even thought that idea doesn't appear in the constitution at all. It was a
developing tradition to protect the president. This made people feel that Nixon was
abusing executive privileges just to cover-up his crimes.
When Nixon had no possible way of protecting the White House staff he fired them. Such as
when he fired two of his aides, Bob Haldeman and John Ehrlichwan, because they were on
the line of being charged for the crimes. But they were still convicted of conspiracy,
obstruction of justice, and perjury.
On may of 1973, they broadcasted the hearings on television to millions of people, the
public felt that it was very gripping and made them distraught
A official told the court that Nixon had tape-recorded all the conversations on tape.
Nixon had hoped these tapes would one day be used by historians to document the triumph
of his term, instead they were used to prove that he was guilty. 
The president refused to release the tapes, claiming the executive privilege gave him the
right to keep his record private. That caused him to go to court, before it was decided,
Vice President Agnew was charged with income tax evasion. He was also charged for
accepting bribes and exchanging for political favors. Agnew resigned because of the
charges on October of 1973. He was only charged of tax evasion and the others were
dropped. This scandal was not connected to Watergate, but it put a lot of stress on
Nixon. Nixon nominated Gerald Ford in place of Agnew. Ford did very little to salvage
Nixon reputation.
A couple of days after Agnew resigns, the federal court made Nixon hand over the tapes.
Nixon refused, and Cox ordered him to, but Nixon had his attorney fire him. Cox was a
idle to Richardson, because he was his professor in law school. Richardson refused
Nixon's order and resigned. President Nixon then ordered the deputy Attorney General to
fire Cox. This massive event was known as the Saturday Night Massacre. Many people of the
nation felt that Nixon's blocking of the judicial process a proof of guiltiness. People
mailed Congress many telegrams saying to begin impeaching proceedings against the
president. So the House Judiciary Committee did that, and fired him.
President Nixon had remained cool and still acted as if he was innocent. At a press
conference on November, his famous quote was  I am not a crook. He avoided questions and
was agitated. People that day who were watching television knew that Nixon was gonna be
in hot water.
Internal Revenue Services also discovered something that could harm Nixon. They noticed
that in 1970 and 71' he had only paid $800 in taxes when he earned over $500,000. The
nation found out that he also used public money to fix-up his house in Florida and
California. 
Nixon keep on refusing to give up Watergate tapes. Then, on April 1974, he gave out the
transcripts of the tapes. He edited the transcripts and tried to cover up the crimes, but
it did not work and it gave Nixon a bad reputation. 
The Committee voted to bring impeachment charges in July against Nixon. The first one
said that the president knowingly covered-up the crimes of Watergate. The second said
that he used Government Agencies to violate the Constitution of the U.S.. The third
asserted that he would be impeached because of the withholding of evidence from Congress.

Shortly after the house committee voted to impeach the President, the case want to the
entire House for a final say. Nixon at this point still counted on the public to back him
out , because of some that doubted his involvement. 
A decision came out a couple of days after the vote for Nixon to release the tapes that
involved the Watergate. Nixon at this point had to follow through with it and hand over t
he tapes.
Nixon for a long time claimed that he had no idea of the Watergate scandal until John
Dean told him on March 21, 1973. The tapes showed that Nixon was a true liar, and not
only knew about it, but ordered it. 
Because of this Nixon met with A group of republican leaders and they tried to convince
him to resign from office. He did just that on August 9, 1974, Nixon broadcasted that he
was resigning to the nation. This meant that President Richard Nixon was the first
president of the United States to resign from office.
The nation was shocked after this whole scandal by the way Nixon had lied to the public
and abused his own powers. This lead most of the public never to trust a president as
they did before, because of the massive secrecy in the Government. But the best part is
that the country did survive the trauma, which is wonderful. The day of Nixon's
resignations Gerald Ford was sworn in to presidency.