FREE ESSAY ON SIR ISAAC NEWTON

SIR ISAAC NEWTON

Sir Isaac Newton
Jan 4 1643 - March 31 1727
On Christmas day by the georgian calender in the manor house of
Woolsthorpe, England, Issaac Newton was born prematurely. His father had
died 3 months before. Newton had a difficult childhood. His mother, Hannah
Ayscough Newton remarried when he was just three, and he was sent to live
with his grandparents. After his stepfather's death, the second father who
died, when Isaac was 11, Newtons mother brought him back home to
Woolsthorpe in Lincolnshire where he was educated at Kings School,
Grantham. 
Newton came from a family of farmers and he was expected to continue the
farming tradition , well that's what his mother thought anyway, until an uncle
recognized how smart he was. Newton's mother removed him from grammar
school in Grantham where he had shown little promise in academics.
Newtons report cards describe him as 'idle' and 'inattentive'. So his uncle
decided that he should be prepared for the university, and he entered his
uncle's old College, Trinity College, Cambridge, in June 1661. Newton had to
earn his keep waiting on wealthy students because he was poor. Newton's
aim at Cambridge was a law degree. 
At Cambridge, Isaac Barrow who held the Lucasian chair of Mathematics
took Isaac under his wing and encouraged him. Newton got his
undergraduate degree without accomplishing much and would have gone on
to get his masters but the Great Plague broke out in London and the students
were sent home. This was a truely productive time for Newton. He
conducted experiments on sunlight and prisms. He discovered that sunlight
was made up of different colors. This lead to his work on reflecting
telescopes. At the same time he was working out his ideas of planetary
motion. 
He returned to Cambridge in 1667 and became the a fellow, earned his MA
and the following year became the chair of the math department. he then
wrote a book on optics.
Newton worked cooperatively wiht other scientists such as Robert Hookeand
Edmund Halley on planetary motion. But he was later bitter and resentfull
not wanting to give other any credit for their contributions to his work.
Newton went on to serve in government positions such as a member of
Parliament and later as Warden of the Mint. His only words spoken as a
member of parliament were "shut the window." 
He had a mental breakdown of sorts resulting in thoughts of persecutiojn
mania later in life. He never married and was taken care of by his niece. He
became the president of the Royal Society and was knighted for his work in
1705. Isaac Newton, knight, scientist, professor, mathematician and
politician was the first scientist burried at Westminster Abbey.
Contributions
Isaac Newton's Many Accomplishments
Isaac Newton is famous for proving the laws of gravity. Newton then
developed his three laws of motion. His first law of motion is that what is in
motion stays in motion, what is at rest stays at rest. Isaac Newton's second
law of motion states that acceleration and direction depend in the applied
force. Isaac's third law of motion is for every action, there is an equal and
opposite reaction. These laws of motion are what made modern day space
travel possible.
Newton is also famous for proving that sunlight is really made of all the
colors of the rainbow. He used a prism to seperate white light into all the
individual colors. Newton decided that lenses would not display things
accurately because of this, so he invented the reflecting telescope. This is the
same principle that today's modern telescopes use. 
His observations of circular motion resulted in theories used to observe the
planets. 
Newton built upon the work of other mathematicians and published a book
known as Principia. He developed calculus, an entire branch of
mathematics. 
Without Newton, many experiments and inventions might not have happened.
We wouldn't be anyware if it wasnt for the man we know as Isaac Newton
Newton held the famous Lucasian Chair of Physics at Cambridge which is
now held by Stephen Hawking, the famous astrophysicist. 
Historical people and events
The Plague
Known for more than 3000 years, plague has ravaged human populations
worldwide in several major pandemics. The most famous pandemic swept
through Europe in the Middle Ages. The most recent pandemic occurred from
1894 to 1900.
The plague is a contagious bacterial disease of and human beings. In humans,
plague occurs in three forms: bubonic plague, pneumonic plague, and
septicemic plague. Bubonic plague is transmitted by the bite of parasitic
insects, especially the rat , and causes swollen nodes. 
In europe, the months between July and October normally raised optimum
infestation.The plague is usually found in wooden, or wattle and daub
buildings, which harboured the nests of black rats. Most patients with the
plague died within 48 hours after onset. Some of Newtons' greatest work was
done during the time spent away from the university because ofd the plague.
Charles II
1630-85, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1660-85), eldest surviving
son of and Henrietta MariaPrince of Wales at the time of the English civil
war, Charles was sent to the West of England with his council. In 1646,
Charles was forced to escape to France, where he stayed with his mother and
was tutored by the philosopher Thomas Hobbes. In 1649, Charles attempted
to save his father's life by presenting to Parliament a signed blank sheet of
paper, thereby granting whatever terms they wanted.
His father was executed andCharles was proclaimed king in Scotland
and in parts of Ireland and England. He accepted the terms of the Scottish 
and went to Scotland, where he was crowned. In 1651 he marched into
England but was defeated by Oliver Cromwell at the battle of Worcester.
Charles then escaped to France, where he lived in relative poverty
In 1660 Gen. George engineered Charles' return to the throne. 
In America
The colonies of North Carolina, NewJersey, South Carolina and Pennsylvania
were being founded suring Isaac Newton's lifetime. North Carolina was
settled by Virginia colonists in 1653. South Carolina was the site of the first
European settlement in 1526 but became a colony in 1663 when King Charles
granted the territory to his supporters. New Jersey was granted by the Duke
of York to Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley in 1664. William Penn
was granted Pennsylvania to offset a debt owed to his father.
.