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The Presence of God and the Devil in "Macbeth"
2,305 words;

"Dover Beach" ( Matthew Arnold ) and "God's Grandeur" ( Gerard Manley Hopkins )
"Matthew Arnold, in "Dover Beach" (1848?), and Gerard Manley Hopkins, in "God's Grandeur" (1877), are both concerned with the question of the presence of God or religious faith in the world. -- 2,250 words;

The Impact of the Presence of Others on Performance
An examination of how the presence of others may impact behavior and performance -- 2,425 words;

Family Presence during Procedures
An examination of the issue of family presence during medical procedures. -- 2,052 words; MLA

Social Presence Theory
A discussion on the social presence theory of communication. -- 1,525 words; MLA

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PRESENCE OF A GOD

Proof Of The Exsistence of God 
Either God exists or He doesn't. There is no middle ground. Any attempt to remain neutral
in relation to God's existence is automatically synonymous with unbelief. It is far from
a moot question, for if God does exist, then nothing else really matters; if He does not
exist, then nothing really matters at all. If He does exist, then there is an eternal
heaven to be gained (Hebrews 11:16) and an eternal Hell to be avoided (Revelation 21:8).
The question for God's existence is an extremely important one. One might wonder why it
is necessary to present evidence for the existence of God. As Edward Thomson so
beautifully stated it: ...the doctrine of the one living and true God, Creator,
Preserver, and Benefactor of the universe, as it solves so many problems, resolves so
many doubts, banishes so many fears, inspires so many hopes, gives such sublimity to all
things, and such spring to all noble powers, we might presume would, as soon as it was
announced, be received by every healthy mind. Some, however, contrary to their higher
interests, have refused to have God in their knowledge and thus have become vain in their
reasonings and foolish in their philosophy (Romans 1:21,22,28). They do not see the folly
(Psalm 14:1) of saying there is no God. The Christian has not only the obligation to give
answer to every man that asketh you a reason concerning the hope that is in you... (I
Peter 3:15), but an obligation to carry the Gospel message to a lost and dying world
(Mark 16:15-16, et al.). There will be times when carrying the Gospel message to the
world will entail setting forth the case for the existence of God. In addition, we need
to remember that Christians are not agnostics. The agnostic is the person who says that
God's existence is unknowable. As difficult as it is to believe, some Christians take
that same stance in regard to God's existence. They assert that they believe there is a
God, but that they cannot know it. They state that God's existence cannot be proved.
`This is false!' God's existence is both `knowable' and `provable.' Acceptance of God's
existence is not some blind leap into the dark as so many have erroneously asserted. The
Christian's faith is not a purely emotional, subjective leap, but instead is a `firm
conviction' regarding facts based upon reasonable evidence. God's existence can be proved
to any fair-minded person. Granted, we do not mean by the word proved that God's
existence can be scientifically demonstrated to human senses as one might, for example,
prove that a sack of potatoes weighs ten pounds. But we need to be reminded (especially
in our day of scientific intimidation) that empirical evidence (that based solely upon
experiment and/or observation) is not the only basis for establishing a provable case.
Legal authorities recognize the validity of a `prima facie' case. Such a case exists when
adequate evidence is available to establish the presumption of a fact which, unless such
can be refuted, `legally stands as a fact'. Inferential proof (the culmination of many
lines of evidence into only one possible conclusion) is an invaluable part of a `prima
facie' case which simply cannot be refuted. But an important question which serves as a
preface to the case for God's existence is this: From whence has come the idea of God in
man's mind? The inclination to be religious is universally and peculiarly a human trait.
As one writer observed, even today the evidence indicates that no race or tribe of men,
however degraded and apparently atheistic, lacks that spark of religious capacity which
may be fanned and fed into a mighty flame. If, therefore, man is incurably religious--and
has the idea of God in his mind--and if we assume that the world is rational, it is
impossible that a phenomenon so universal as religion could be founded upon illusion. The
question is highly appropriate therefore: what is the source of this religious tendency
within man? Alexander Campbell, in his celebrated debate April 13-23, 1829 in Cincinnati,
Ohio with Robert Owen, provided the answer to this question in a very positive fashion.
He asked Owen from whence the idea of God had come in man's mind. Owen (and all skeptics)
had (have) stated that the idea of God has not come from reason (skeptics hold, of
course, that the concept is unreasonable), and that it has not come from revelation.
Campbell pressed Owen to tell him from whence the idea of God `had' come. Owen retorted,
by imagination. Campbell then quoted both John Locke and David Hume, two philosophers who
are highly respected in the secular community. Hume stated that the creative power of the
mind amounts to nothing more than the faculty of combining, transposing, augmenting and
diminishing the materials afforded to us by sense and experience. The imagination, it
turns out, has `no creative power'. Neither reason nor imagination create. Reason, like a
carpenter's yardstick, is a measure, not an originator. Imagination works only on those
items already in the mind; it does not create anything new. [Sigmund Freud, German
psychoanalyst of the first part of the 20th century, attempted to explain God's existence
by stating that man had indeed formed the heavenly father from the idea in his mind of
his earthly father. But this idea will not suffice either. Is the God of the Bible the
God man would invent if asked to do so? Hardly. Look around at the god man invents when
left to his own devices--the god of hedonism, epicurianism, subjectivism, or the god of
if it feels good, do it. The God of the Bible is not the God man would invent, if left to
his own devices. Freud's attempt to explain the idea of God in man's mind failed
miserably.] Campbell pointed out to Owen, in a very forceful way, that the idea of God in
man's mind could only have come through revelation. There is no other choice. The concept
of God, therefore, though greatly perverted in heathen hands, is ultimately traceable to
an original communication between the Creator and the creature. There is no other
alternative, all the disclaimers of the atheist notwithstanding. But suppose the
unbeliever objects: If the idea of God is basic to human nature, we would not be able to
deny it; we do deny it, however; therefore it is not intuitive. It is sufficient to
observe in rebuttal to such a claim that man, under the enchantment of a deceptive
philosophy, can deny the most obvious of things. Those deluded, for example, by Christian
Science religion deny the existence of matter and death. Some today deny that the earth
is spherical or that man has ever been to the moon. But a denial of facts does not
automatically negate the facts. Man's attitude toward Truth does not change Truth. Can
God's existence be proven? Can we `know' God exists? The answer is a resounding YES! The
psalmist said, Be still and `know' that I am God (Psalm 46:10) as he echoed the Creator's
sentiments to man. The allusions to th e manifestations of Deity in the created world are
profuse. David exclaimed, O Jehovah, our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the
earth, Who has set thy glory upon the heavens? (Psalm 8:1). In the same psalm, the
inspired writer was constrained to say that the heavens are the work of thy fingers and
the moon and stars thou hast ordained (Psalm 8:3). Later David was to utter the beautiful
words of Psalm 19:1--The heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament showeth his
handiwork. Isaiah graphically portrayed the majesty and power of nature's God when he
wrote that God hath measured the waters in the hollow of his hand, and meted out heaven
with a span, and comprehended the dust of the earth in a measure, and weighed the
mountains in scales, and the hills in a balance (40:12). Dr. E.A. Maness once remarked,
If the word God were written upon every blowing leaf, embossed on every passing cloud,
engraved on every granite rock, the inductive evidence of God in the world would be no
stronger than it is. John C. Monsma, in the text which he edited entitled, `The Evidence
of God in an Expanding Universe' (which is a compilation of testimony from forty
outstanding American scientists), affirmed that science can establish, by the observed
facts of Nature and intellectual argumentation, that a super-human power exists. . Dr. A.
Cressy Morrison, former President of the New York Academy of Sciences, affirmed that so
many essential conditions are necessary for life to exist on our earth that it is
mathematically impossible that all of them could exist in proper relationship by chance
on any one earth at one time. Dr. Arthur H. Compton, Professor of Physics at the
University of Chicago and Nobel laureate, wrote: It is not difficult for me to have this
faith, for it is incontrovertible that where there is a plan there is intelligence--an
orderly, unfolding universe testifies to the truth of the most majestic statement ever
uttered--`In the beginning, God.' . Louis Agassiz, M.D., Ph.D., Harvard University (and a
life-long opponent of Darwinian evolution), made these remarks:.. Though I know those who
hold it to be very unscientific to believe that thinking is not something inherent in
matter, and that there is an essential difference between inorganic and living and
thinking beings, I shall not be prevent ed by any such pretentions of a false philosophy
from expressing my conviction that as long as it cannot be shown that matter or physical
forces do actually reason, I shall consider any manifestation of physical thought as an
evidence of the existence of a thinking being as the author of such thought, and shall
look upon intelligent and intelligible connection between the facts of nature as direct
proof of a thinking God....` All these facts in their natural connection proclaim aloud
the one God whom man may know, adore, and love, and natural history must in good time
become the analysis of the thoughts of the Creator of the universe' as manifested in the
animal and vegetable kingdoms. Lord Kelvin, the famed English thermodynamicist once said,
I cannot admit that, with regard to the origin of life, science neither affirms nor
denies Creative Power. `Science positively affirms Creative Power'. It is not in dead
matter that we live and move and have our being, but in the creating and directing Power
which science compels us to accept as an article of belief.... There is nothing between
absolute scientific belief in a Creative Power, and the acceptance of the theory of a
fortuitous concourse of atoms.... Forty years ago I asked Liebig [famed chemist Justus
von Liebig--BT], walking some-where in the country, if he believed that the grass and
flowers that we saw around us grew by mere chemical forces. He answered, `No, no more
than I could believe that a book of botany describing them could grow by mere chemical
forces'.... Do not be afraid of being free thinkers! `If you think strongly enough you
will be forced by science to the belief in God', which is the foundation all religion.
`You will find science not antagonistic but helpful to religion.' . One cannot help but
wonder what has caused many of the most prominent and brilliant minds of both days gone
by and of our day to make such statements. No doubt, at least a partial explanation lies
in the fact that they saw a few, or many, of the thousands of signposts or ensigns
scattered throughout the natural world which point clearly to the unseen Designer of
nature. These signposts are multitudinous in our world, and plainly obvious to those
whose minds have not been blinded by the god of this world (II Corinthians 4:4), refusing
to have God in their knowledge (Romans 1:28). An examination of these ensigns makes for a
profitable and edifying study. NATURE'S HOME: THE UNIVERSE When the writer of Hebrews
stated that, ...every house is builded by someone... (Hebrews 3:4), he suggested the
well-known principle of cause and effect. Today the Law of Causality is the fundamental
law of science. Every effect must have an adequate cause. Further indicated is the fact
that no effect can be qualitatively superior to or quantitatively greater than the cause.
The universe is here, and is a tremendous effect. Hence, it must be explained in terms of
an adequate cause. There are four possible explanations for the universe. (1) It is but
an illusion, and does not really exist. This is hardly worthy of consideration. (2) It
spontaneously arose out of nothing. This view is absurd, and cannot be entertained
scientifically. Dr. George E. Davis, prominent physicist, has declared:No material thing
can create itself. . (3) It has always existed. This theory, though held by many
atheistic scientists of our day, is scientifically untenable. Many evidences (e.g., the
Second Law of Thermodynamics) reveal that the stars are burning up, the sun is cooling
off, the earth is wearing out, etc. Such facts indicate that the universe had a
beginning; otherwise it would long ago have already reached a state of deadness. Dr.
Robert Jastrow, of NASA, states in his book, `God and the Astronomers : I am fascinated
by some strange developments going on in astronomy.... The essence of the strange
developments is that the Universe had, in some sense, a beginning--that it began at a
certain moment in time.... And concurrently there was a great deal of discussion about
the fact that the second law of thermodynamics, applied to the Cosmos, indicates that the
Universe is running down like a clock. If it is running down, there must have been a time
when it was fully wound up....The astronomer comes to a time when the Universe contained
nothing but hydrogen--no carbon, no oxygen, and none of the other elements out of which
planets and life are made. This point in time must have marked the beginning of the
Universe. (4) It was created. This is the only remaining alternative and the only
reasonable view of the origin of the universe. Since our finite, dependent (and
contingent) universe (of matter/energy) did not cause itself, it was obviously caused by
an infinite, independent, eternal Mind. God, speaking through Moses (Genesis 15:5) and
Jeremiah (33:32), mentioned that the host of heaven cannot be numbered, neither the sand
of the sea measured .... Little did we know how true those statements were. Johann Bayer
(1603) devised a system to indicate the brightness, or magnitude, of the stars, using the
Greek and Roman alphabets to denote their brightness. [Remember Paul's statement to the
Corinthians (I Corinthians 15:41): ...for one star differeth from another star in glory.]
Men before and after Bayer tried to count the stars. Hipparchus the astronomer, in 128
B.C. counted the stars and said there were 1,026. In 150 A.D., the famous astronomer
Ptolemy counted the stars and arrived at the number of 1,056. Years later, in 1575 A.D.,
the renowned Danish astronomer, Tyco Brah, counted the stars and said there were 777. In
1600 A.D. the German astronomer Johannes Kepler counted the stars and gave the number
1,005. At last counting (and we are nowhere near finished yet) the number of stars stood
at `25 sextillion'. That's a 25 with twenty-one zeroes after it! There are an estimated
one billion galaxies,. and most of them contain billions of stars (the Milky Way galaxy
in which we live, for example, contains over `100 billion stars'). It is so large that
travelling at the speed of light (186,317.6 miles per second) it would take you 100,000
years to go across just the diameter of the galaxy. Light travels in one year
approximately 5.87 x 1O.MDSU/12' miles. In 100,000 years, that would be 5.87 x
1O.MDSU/17' miles, or 587+ quadrillion miles. Our nearest neighboring galaxy is the
Andromeda galaxy, which is an estimated 2,000,000 light years away. That's so far that a
radio wave which goes around the earth approximately 8.2 times in one second would
require over 1 million years to get there, and a return message would take another 1+
million years. The observable universe has an estimated diameter of 20 billion light
years. But it isn't simply the size of the universe that is so marvelous. The size is
important, of course, but so is the `design'. The earth, for example, in orbiting the
sun, departs from a straight line by only one-ninth of an inch every 18 miles--a very
straight line in human terms. If the orbit changed by one-tenth of an inch every 18
miles, our orbit would be vastly larger and we would all freeze to death. If it changed
by one-eighth of an inch, we would come so close to the sun w e would all be
incinerated.. Are we to believe that such precision just happened by accident? The sun is
burning at approximately 20 million degrees Celsius at its interior.. If we were to move
the earth `away' 10%, we would soon freeze to death. If we were to move the earth
`closer' by 10%, we would once again be incinerated. The sun is poised at 93 million
miles from earth, which happens to be just right--by accident? The moon is poised some
240,000 miles from the earth. Move it in just onefifth, and twice every day there would
be 35-50 feet high tidal waves over most of the earth's surface. The distance of 240,000
miles happens to he just right--by accident? And consider these facts: the earth is
rotating at 1,000 miles per hour on its axis at the equator, and moving around the sun at
70,000 miles per hour (approximately 19 miles per second), while the sun with its solar
system is moving through space at 600,000 miles per hour in an orbit so large it would
take over 220 million years to complete just one orbit. [Remember the psalmist's
statement (Psalm 19:61) about the sun--his circuit is from the ends of the heavens.] What
would happen if the rotation rate of the earth around the sun were halved, or doubled? If
it were halved, the seasons would be doubled in length, which over most of the earth
would cause such harsh summer heat and winter cold that not enough food could be grown to
feed the world's population. If it were doubled, no single season would be long enough to
grow the amount of food necessary to feed the world's population. [Remember God's words
to Moses: (a) Let there be lights in the firmament of heaven to divide the day from the
night: and let them be for `signs and for seasons', for days and for years (Genesis 1:14,
emp. added), and; (b) While the earth remaineth, seedtime and harvest, and cold and heat,
and summer and winter, and day and night shall not cease (Genesis 8:22).] Then there is
this matter: from where does our day come? It comes from the earth's rotation once
approximately every 24 hours on its axis. From where do we get our month? It comes from
the moon circling the earth once approximately every 28 days. From where does our year
come? It takes the earth approximately 365.26 days to go around the sun. `But where do we
get our week?' There is no purely natural explanation for the week. The explanation,
instead, is found in Exodus 20:11 (cf., Exodus 31:17): for in six days Jehovah made
heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested on the seventh day.... The
week is an entirely universal phenomenon. Yet there is no purely natural explanation for
it. Little wonder Isaiah wrote (40:26): Lift up your eyes on high, and behold who hath
created these things, that bringeth out their host by number; he calleth them all by
names by the greatness of his might, for that he is strong in power; not one faileth. The
fundamental law of science, we repeat, is the Law of Causality which states that every
effect must have an adequate cause. There is no known exception. The universe is
admittedly a known effect. [Note Dr. Robert Jastrow's statement in his book, `Until The
Sun Dies': The Universe and everything that has happened in it since the beginning of
time, are a grand effect `without a known cause'. . The question is: `What is the
adequate cause?' The atheist/agnostic has no answer, as Dr. Jastrow has so well
explained. The Christian, of course, does. `God is the First Cause', and has left the
evidences of His existence so evident that they are incontrovertible. NATURE'S HUMAN
INHABITANT: MAN Men go abroad to wonder at the height of mountains, at the huge waves of
the sea, at the long courses of the rivers, at the vast compass of the ocean, at the
circular motion of the stars; and they pass by themselves without wondering. So stated
Augustine many years ago. So many people fail to see one of the most powerful arguments
possible for God's existence--their own selves! Consider, for example, the earthly
tabernacle (II Corinthians 5:1) that we call the human body. It is comp osed of 30+
different kinds of cells, totalling over `100 trillion' cells when all added together to
make up the human adult.. These cells come in all different sizes and shapes, with
different functions and life expectancies. For example, some cells (e.g., male
spermatozoa) are so small that 20,000 would fit inside a capital O from a standard
typewriter, each being only 1/20th mm long. Some cells, put end-to-end, would make only
one inch if 6,000 were assembled together. Yet all the cells of the human body, if set
end- to-end, would encircle the earth over 200 times. Even the largest cell of the human
body, the female ovum, is unbelievably small, being only 1/1OOth of an inch in diameter.
Yet each cell is composed of a lipo- protein membrane lining (lipids/proteins/lipids)
which is approximately 6/100-8/100 fm (4 atoms) thick. Yet it allows selective transport
outside the cell of those things that ought to go out, and selective transport into the
cell of those things that ought to go in. Inside the cell's three-dimensional cytoplasm
there are over 20 different chemical reactions going on at any one time, with each cell
containing five major systems: (1) communication; (2) waste disposal; (3) nutrition; (4)
repair, and; (5) reproduction. The endoplasmic reticulum of the cell serves as a
transport system. The ribosomes produce protein, which is then distributed around the
body as needed by the Golgi bodies. The mitochondria (over 1,000 per cell) are the
powerhouses of the cell, producing the energy needed by the body. The nucleus, of course,
carries the genetic code in its DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Red blood cells (there are
approximately 30 trillion of them) live about 120 days; white blood cells (the blood's
defense system) live about 13 days; platelets (which help blood to clot) live about 4
days; nerve cells may live over 100 years. In any given 60-second period, approximately 3
billion cells die and are replaced in the human body through the process we call
`mitosis', whereby the standard chromosome number (in the human, 46) is faithfully
reproduced. A single cell contains a strip of DNA (placed in the nuc leus in a
spiral-staircase configuration) which is about one yard long, and which contains `over 6
billion biochemical steps'. Every cell of the body contains such DNA--over a billion
miles total in one human. How powerful is the DNA? It provides, in coded form, `every
physical characteristic of every living person'. How many people are there on the face of
the earth? There are a few more than 5 billion. It took two cells (a male spermatozoan
and a female ovum) to make each one of these people. If there are roughly 5 billion
people on the earth, and it took two cells to make each of them, that's approximately 10
billion cells (remember: this is the DNA it took to give every living person every
physical characteristic he or she has), and that DNA would fit into no more than `1/8th
of a cubic inch'! Does that tell you how powerful the DNA is? Are we to then understand
that this kind of design came by accident? Hardly! The Hebrew writer was correct when he
said, For every house is builded by someone; but he that built all things is God(3:4).
Consider the skin of the human. It is a nearly waterproof layer, enclosing the body's
contents, almost 60% of which is water. It prevents the exit or entrance of too much
moisture, and acts as a protector for the rest of the body. At the same time it is both a
radiator and retainer of heat, helping to regulate the body's temperature in conjunction
with the two hypothalamus glands in the brain. Skin may be as thick as 5/16th of an inch
(e.g., the eyelid). The skin contains over 2,000 sweat glands which form one of the most
ingenious air-conditioning systems ever known to man. Skin acts as a barrier to protect
the sensitive internal organs, and even has the power to regenerate itself. Consider the
skeletal system of the body. It is composed of 206 bones, more durable and longer lasting
than man's best steel. Each joint produces its own lubrication and the system as a whole
is able to provide not only structure, but great protection (e.g., the 24 ribs guarding
the internal viscera). There are 29 skull bones, 26 spinal vertebrae, 24 ribs, 2 girdle
bones, and 120 other bones scattered over the body. The bones range in size, from the
tiny pisiform bone in the hand, to the great femur (over 20 inches long in the thigh of
an average man). Yet in a man weighing 160 pounds, the bones weigh only 29 pounds.
[Remember Paul's comment about all the body fitly framed and knit together through that
which every joint supplieth, according to the working in due measure of each several
part, making the increase of the body into the building up of itself... (Ephesians
4:16).] And consider, of course, the muscles. There are over 600 of them in the human,
with the function of contraction and release. From the smile on the face of the newborn
baby to the legs of the marathon runner, the muscles are in charge. They are placed,
however, into two systems--the `voluntary system' over which you have control (reach out
and grab a ball), and the `involuntary system' over which you have little or no control
(try stopping a kidney). Are we to believe that the skeletal and muscle systems, in all
their complexity, just happened? No one could ever convince you that, for example, a
Cadillac limousine just happened. Yet something infinitely greater in design and
structure-- the human body--we are asked to believe just happened. What kind of
incongruous logic is that, to reach such a conclusion? As G.K. Chesterton once said: When
men stop believing in God, they don't believe in nothing. They believe in `anything!' How
true. One does not get a poem without a poet, or a law without a lawgiver. One does not
get a painting without a painter, or a musical score without a composer. And just as
surely, `one does not get purposeful design without a designer!' Consider, for example,
the human ear and the human eye. The average piano can distinguish the sounds of 88 keys;
the human ear can distinguish over 2,500 different key tones. In fact, the human ear can
detect sound frequencies that flutter the ear drums as faintly as one- billionth of a
centimeter (a distance one-tenth the diameter of a hydrogen atom).. The ear is so
sensitive that it could even hear, were the body placed in a completely soundproof room,
the blood coursing through the veins. Over 100,000 hearing receptors in the ears are
sending impulses to the brain to be decoded and answered. The human eye is the most
perfect camera ever known to man. So perfect is it that its very presence caused Charles
Darwin to say, That the eye with all its inimitable contrivances...could have been formed
by natural selection seems, I freely confess, absurd in the highest degree. Darwin also
commented: If it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed, which could not
possibly have been formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would
absolutely break down. The eye, as it turns out, is such an organ, and Darwin's theory,
as such, has broken down. Each human eye is composed of over 107 million cells with 7
million cones (allowing the eye to see in full, living color) and 100 million rods
(allowing the eye to see in blacks, whites, and greys). The eyes are connected to the
brain by over 300,000 nerves, and can detect light as feeble as 1/100 trillionth of a
watt. How is the eye supposed to have evolved? What intermediate state between no eye and
a perfect eye could nature have selected to be passed on to successive generations? As
Mark Twain once c ommented, It's amazing what men will believe, so long as it's not in
the Bible! There are so many systems in the human body that could be discussed, but since
space precludes discussing them all, it is now to the brain that we turn our attention.
The brain, of course, regulates the rest of the body. It contains over 10 billion nerve
cells, and 100 billion glia cells (which provide the biological batteries for brain
activity). These cells float in a jellied mass, sifting through information, storing
memories, creating what we call consciousness, etc.. Over 120 trillion connections tie
these cells together. The brain sends out electrical impulses at a speed of 393 feet per
second (270 mph), and receives nerve impulses being produced at a rate of over
2,000/second. The brain receives signals continuously from 130,000 light receptors in the
eyes, 100,000 hearing receptors in the ears, 3,000 tastebuds, 30,000 heat spots on the
skin, 250,000 cold spots, and 500,000 touch spots. The brain does not move, yet consumes
25% of the blood's oxygen supply. It is constantly bathed in blood, its vessels receiving
20% of all the blood pumped from the heart. If the blood flow is interrupted for 15-30
seconds, unconsciousness results. If blood is cut off to the brain for longer than 4
minutes, brain damage results. Four major arteries carry blood to the brain as a sort of
fail-safe system. And, the brain is protected from damage by not one, but three major
systems: (1) the outer skull bone; (2) the `dura mater' (Latin for hard mother--the
protective lining around the brain), and; (3) the absorbing fluid, which keeps the brain
from hitting the inner skull. With the brain properly functioning, all the other body
systems (hormones, circulatory, digestive, reproductive, etc.) can be overseen and
controlled. Are we, as Dr. George Gaylord Simpson of Harvard stated some years ago, an
accident in a universe that did not have us in mind in the first place? Or, are we
created in the image of God (Genesis 1:26,27)? Sir Isaac Newton once said, In the absence
of any other proof, the thumb alone would convince me of God's existence. How much more,
then, should the cells, the brain, the lungs, the heart, the reproductive system, etc.,
be shouting to us that `there is a God, and He is not silent.' As the psalmist so well
said, I praise you because I am fearfully and wonderfully made (Psalm 139:14). Or, as
Imogene Fey has observed: The birth of every new baby is God's vote of confidence in the
future of man. Dr. Lewis Thomas, the renowned medical doctor and author of `The Medusa
and the Snail', commented in that work about the miracle of how one sperm cell forms with
one egg cell to produce a single cell that will, nine months later, become a new human
being. His conclusion: The mere existence of that cell should be one of the greatest
astonishments of the earth. People ought to be walking around all day, all through their
waking hours, calling to each other in endless wonderment, talking of nothing except that
cell.... If anyone does succeed in explaining it, within my lifetime, I will charter a
skywriting airplane, maybe a whole fleet of them, and send them aloft to write one great
exclamation point after another around the whole sky, until a ll my money runs out. Yet
we are told that such a miracle has just happened. Carl W. Miller once stated: To the
reverent scientist...the simplest features of the world about us are in themselves so
awe-inspiring that there seems no need to seek new and greater miracles of God's care. In
order to get a poem, one must have a poet. In order to have a law, one must have a
lawgiver. In order to have a mathematical diagram, one must have a mathematician. A
deduction commonly made is that order, arrangement, or design in a system suggest
intelligence and purpose on the part of the originating cause. In the universe, from the
vastness of multiplied solar systems to the tiny world of molecules, marvelous design and
purposeful arrangement are evidenced. In the case of man, from the imposing skeletal
system to the impressive genetic code in all of its intricacy, that same design and
purposeful arrangement are evidenced. The only conclusion that a reasonable, rational,
unbiased mind can reach is that the existing systems of our world, including all life,
have been purposefully designed by an Intelligent Cause. We call that Cause God.
Conclusion Alan Devoe significantly writes, Some naturalists have become convinced that
there is an `unknown force' at work--a force that guides creatures by influences outside
the entire sphere with which science ordinarily works. We would prayerfully urge those
who speak of this `unknown force' to turn to the God that made the world and all things
therein (Acts 17:24), and ascribe honor and glory to Him. The revelation He has left of
Himself in nature simply could speak no louder of His existence than it already does.
Furthermore, this examination of arguments for God's existence has not even touched upon
the historical arguments which come to bear on the case. For example, the historical
Christ, the resurrection, the Bible, the system of Christianity, and other such arguments
are equally as important. The arguments from historical fact are additional proof that
there is a God, and He is not silent. That Christ existed cannot he doubted by any
rational person. His miracles and other works are documented, not only in biblical
literature, but in profane, secular history as well. The empty tomb stands as a silent
but powerful witness that God does exist (Acts 2:24; Romans 10:9) and that Christ is His
Son. The Bible exists; therefore, it must be explained. The men who wrote it were either
deceivers, deluded, or telling the truth. What do the evidences say? The internal and
external evidences are enough to tell the story of God's existence, and the fact that He
has spoken to us from His inspired word. Additional evidences are available at every
turn. Little wonder Paul stated that in him we live, and move, and have our being...
(Acts 17:28). Moses' statement still stands as inspired testimony to the fact of the
existence of God: In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth (Genesis 1:1).

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