FREE ESSAY ON JAMES BANKS

JAMES BANKS

Mark Shaffer
James Banks
James Banks believes that there should be more multicultural education taught in schools.
Education about ethnic diversity treats cultural pluralism within a nation-state by
studying different traits from different groups, which determine one group from another.
He believes that a major goal of education in a free society is acceptance of cultural
pluralism as a national strength and not an obstacle. Individuals of various minority
groups may maintain their ethnic identities while sharing a common culture with Americans
from many different ethnic backgrounds. (http://ericae.net/edo/ED273539.htm)
A suggestion made on how to incorporate more multicultural issues is that social studies
education should build consensus on core civic values important to all Americans. These
include the rule of law, representative and limited government, and civil liberties,
including toleration of the respect of the rights of individuals and ethnic minority
groups. Banks believes that educators who recognize and respect their students' ethnic
identities should also prepare them to assume common obligations and responsibilities of
citizenship which involve shared civic values embodied in basic documents of the American
heritage. Although students and teachers may participate variously within different
microcultures, they also come together within the American mainstream culture, especially
the civic culture. (http://ericae.net/edo/ED273539.htm)
James Banks has four basic levels to what he thinks will reform the curriculum. Level 1
is called the contribution approach. This is when the Heroes, heroines, holidays, foods,
and discrete cultural elements are celebrated occasionally. (See the chart) This is the
level I think most schools are at now. Level 2 is called the additive approach. This is
where things are added to the curriculum without the structure changing. Level 3 is
called the transformation approach. This approach says, the structure of the curriculum
is changed to enable students to view concepts, issues, events, and themes from the
perspectives of the diverse ethnic and cultural groups. (See the chart) Finally, the 4th
level is called the action approach. This is when the students are encouraged to take
action to help solve important personal, social, and civic problems. (See the chart)
It would not be a hard thing to incorporate diversity issues into a physical education
class. Every sport or dance or activity had to originate from somewhere. So what I would
do is give each child a sport or activity to do a project on. Each child would get a
different activity that came from a different place. The child would then teach the class
about his or her activity and where it originated. This activity, I think, would best fit
into Banks level three. The structure of the class would change and the students would
learn things that are taught nowhere else in the school.
References
1. The chart
2. http://ericae.net/edo/ED273539.htm
Bibliography
References
1. The chart
2. http://ericae.net/edo/ED273539.htm