FREE ESSAY ON HEAVENS GATE

HEAVENS GATE

Heavens Gate
Heavens Gate and the Branch Davidians are a good example of Stanley Milgram's theories.
It shows how people respond and follow what authority says. 
Heavens Gate was a cult founded by Marshall Applewhite referred to as "Do" by his
members. He convinced 39 people that he was dying of cancer and he persuaded them that if
they followed him to death, a spaceship in the tail of the comet "Hale-Bop" would come
and take them to the New World. To enter the ship they needed to leave their bodies.
Applewhite made the thirty-nine members of the cult dress, talk, and look the same. He
made them all wear the same clothes, he shaved everyone's head, and made them refrain
from using personal pronouns such as "he" and "she". They were also not permitted to
marry, have sex, drink, and had to give all their possessions to the cult. They packed
their bags with clothes and each person carried $5 bills, quarters and their passport for
their trip to the New World. On March 26, 1997, thirty-nine men and women affiliated with
Heavens Gate committed suicide by ingesting a combination of Phenobarbitals mixed with
applesauce and alcohol. Their obedience is evidence, of course, that they put faith into
what Applewhite said. 
Palcowski 2
Stanley Milgram, a psychologist at Yale University, conducted a study focusing on the
conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience. He was interested in how
far people would go in following the orders of a person in authority. 
His experiment consisted of "teachers" who he recruited and "learners" who were students
or actors. The teacher was asked to read a list of word pairs and to ask the learner to
recite them back. If the learner got the correct answer, then they moved on to the next
word. If the answer was incorrect, the teacher was supposed to shock the learner starting
at 15 volts and going up to 450 volts, in 15 volt increments. Although the teacher
thought they were shocking the learner, the learner was an actor and was never actually
harmed. 
The results of Milgram's experiment show that "two-thirds of this study's participants
fall into the category of obedient subjects, and that they represent ordinary people
drawn from the working, managerial, and professional classes." (Milgram 347-348)
Ultimately about 65% of all of the subjects punished the learners to the maximum 450
volts. Some subjects stopped before reaching 300 volts. (348)
The worried teachers questioned the experimenter, asking who was responsible for any
harmful results. The experimenter took full responsibility; the teachers accepted it and
continued. This experiment was very controversial.
I think that Milgram's experiments were remarkable and very helpful in understanding
people. Stanley Milgram has taught us a lot about ourselves. He has helped us see that
people in general are followers. Cults, racial groups, and gangs are a few good examples.
His experiments show that most people will follow the leader. 
Palcowski 3
Some believe his experiments were unethical and unimportant. I thought his experiments
were useless, too, until I found out that what he discovered helped us understand more
about groups and how they think.
Milgram's experiments shows that people will follow a leader, if they believe in them.
People with strong beliefs in an influential leader are usually condemned a sad fate
chosen by the leader. 
In the case of Heavens Gate the fate was death. Willingness to die in the ultimate
obedience a follower can offer a leader.
Bibliography
Works Cited
Associated Press. "Spaceship cult didn't shun earthly pleasures Vegas outing, movies
detailed in ledger." Chicago Tribune 4 Apr.1997.14 Jan. 2000
http://archives.chicago.tribune.com/cgibin/slwebchi.pl?-DBQUERY=heavens+gate&DBLIST=ct97&NITEMS=100&SORT=r%3Ah&v1=http%3A%2F%2Fchicagotribune.com%2F
" Autopsy results of Heaven's Gate cultists released." Chicago Tribune 13 Apr.1997.14
Jan. 2000
http://archives.chicago.tribune.com/cgibin/slwebchi.pl?DBQUERY=heavens+gate&DBLIST=ct97&NITEMS=100&SORT=r%3Ah&v1=http%3A%2F%2Fchicagotribune.com%2F

" Cult members followed leader on castration." Chicago Tribune 7 Apr.1997.14 Jan. 2000
http://archives.chicago.tribune.com/cgibin/slwebchi.pl?-DBQUERY=heavens+gate&DBLIST=ct97&NITEMS=100&SORT=r%3Ah&v1=http%3A%2F%2Fchicagotribune.com%2F
Schodolski, Vincent. " The Deadly riddle of Heaven's Gate they wore black, died in
waves." Chicago Tribune 28 Mar.1997. 14 Jan. 2000
http://archives.chicago.tribune.com/cgibin/slwebchi.pl?-DBQUERY=heavens+gate&DBLIST=ct97&NITEMS=100&SORT=r%3Ah&v1=http%3A%2F%2Fchicagotribune.com%2F
" Cults telescope couldn't find UFO Heaven's Gate leader demanded a refund." Chicago
Tribune 2 Apr.1997. 14 Jan.
2000http://archives.chicago.tribune.com/cg-ibin/slwebchi.pl?DBQUERY=heavens+gate&DBLIST=ct97&NITEMS=100&SORT=r%3Ah&v1=http%3A%2F%2Fchicagotribune.com%2F
Piers, Clement. Heaven's Gate A Defence." GeoCities 13 Apr. 1997. 14 Jan. 2000
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Delphi/7187/defence.html
"Heaven's Gate Suicide Secret Letter! Taken directly from their webpage." Geocities 17
Apr. 1997. 14 Jan. 2000 Http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Hieghts/6904/heavens.html
"The Heavens Gate Cult Information Webpage." Geocities 3 Mar. 1997. 14 Jan. 2000
http://www.members.tripod.com/Jenkut/English.html
Tollenaere, Herman. "Heaven's gate mass suicide in California: some early remarks." 12
Apr. 1997. 14 Jan. 2000 Http://www.stelling.nl/simpos/heavgate.html
Holliman, John. "Applewhite: From young overachiever to cult leader." CNN 28. Mar. 1997.
14 Jan. 2000
Http://www.cnn.com/US/9703/28/applewhite/index.html