FREE ESSAY ON ECONOMICAL VIEWS IN THE 2000 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

ECONOMICAL VIEWS IN THE 2000 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

As generations pass, and times change, the people of the United States change as well. 
What may have been a major issue in the 1980 election might not even concern voters in
2000. 
Economic issues are continually changing with the times. Each election develops its own
"personality." Despite agreeing on some issues, the four major [now just two] candidates
in the
upcoming 2000 presidential election hold different opinions on three major economic
issues: tax
reform, health care, and free trade/immigration.
One of the most important issues of the 2000 presidential election is tax reform. This
topic, possibly more than any other issue in the election, reflects the greatest
disparity among
candidates of the same party. Among the Democrats, Bill Bradley and Al Gore have
contrasting
ideas concerning tax reform. Perhaps the most educated candidate on this issue, Bradley
is a
former member of the Senate Finance Committee and one of the major contributors to the
1986
overhaul of the tax code. Bradley's position, made known in numerous debates, is that he
is
strongly against large tax cuts. The former senator believes that while the economy is
doing well,
the government should utilize tax revenues to improve schools, protect social security,
and pass a
national healthcare program instead of concentrating on tax reduction. Bradley recently
told New
York Times writer James Dao that he would veto the recently approved 792 billion dollar
tax cut
in "a nanosecond". The only specific tax cuts Bradley has proposed are tax breaks for
health
insurance payments. Concerning the budget surplus, Bradley seeks to direct most of the
money to
reducing child poverty as well as making health care more affordable for low-income
families.1
Vice President Gore has established a position on tax reform different from that of
Senator
Bradley. The two candidates do share similar beliefs regarding the 792 billion dollar tax
cut that
Gore refers to as a "risky tax scheme." Gore has stated that, if elected president, he
would
implement a 200 to 300 billion dollar tax cut over the next 10 years. Gore seeks to
allocate this
money to reach specific goals such as expanded tax incentives, and education and
retirement
savings programs. Gore refers to his cut as "relatively modest," and claims his figures
are more
realistic than those of Republican George W. Bush. Gore however, claims that he would
not
hesitate to implement larger cuts in a economic slowdown but rules out tax increases in
good
economic times.2 
Republican candidate George W. Bush presents a position on tax reform clearly different
than that of either of the two democratic candidates. Much like that of the "typical
Republican,"
Bush is calling for large tax cuts if he is elected to office. As Bush has often stated,
"It's the
people's money, not the governments." He has called for a 1.3 trillion dollar tax cut
over the next
ten years, a figure close to 4 times that of Vice President Gore. The centerpiece of
Bush's tax cut
is a gradual reduction in marginal tax rates, meaning everyone will be affected by his
proposals. 
On this issue, Bush states, "if you're going to have a tax cut, everyone ought to have a
tax cut."3
Offering a tax reform perspective somewhat different than that of Gore, Bradley and
Bush,
Republican candidate John McCain wants to implement a "flat tax," a reform that would
replace
the current progressive marginal rates with a single 'flat' tax. McCain claims that, in
this way, the
government will not be promising tax cuts from surpluses the economy might not produce in
the
future. In sum, McCain believes taxes should be flatter, lower, and more simple. He
believes that
a vast majority of Americans pay too much of their income on taxes. McCain believes his
tax
"pitch" is modest enough in size that it leaves funds left over from surplus tax revenues
to deal
with other needs of the economy. He claims this "balanced approach" is the key to tax
reform in
the 21st century.4
Another pivotal issue in the upcoming election is health care. Bill Bradley's health
care
plan calls for the replacement of Medicaid with 150 dollar vouchers per month. However,
Bradley still sees problems with insufficient funding for AIDS/HIV patients. In addition
to this
change, Bradley feels strongly about not punishing the disabled for working. Under the
current
system, once disabled people begin working, they lose their federal health benefits.
Bradley wants
to make sure that, under his new plan, disabled people can work and still receive their
needed
health care.5 
Unlike his fellow Democratic candidate, Vice President Gore believes in keeping Medicaid
as our country's largest health care provider. Gore claims that by changing the current
Medicaid
system, we would be removing some of the key protective features of the system. Firstly,
AIDS/HIV patients, as well as senior citizens, are provided with the health care they
otherwise
could not receive from private insurers. Secondly, Gore's Medicaid plan has no
deductible, and
would eliminate cost-sharing and premiums for those living on low incomes. When
questioned
about Bradley's idea of 150 dollar vouchers, Gore responded, "That's not a plan, that's a
magic
wand. It doesn't work that way because the problem that people with AIDS and other
diseases
have in the private health insurance market is that the insurance companies don't want to
take
them. They want to get rid of them. You give them $150-a-month voucher, they can't buy
it."6
Governor Bush, like his opponent Al Gore, wants to keep Medicare, but make it more
flexible. Over the past decade or so, large sums of money won by the government from the
tobacco companies in law suit settlements. Bush's primary idea for health care in the
21st century
is to use the money obtained from these settlements to give to those families who do not
qualify
for Medicare and those families whose income is 200% under than the poverty level.
Bush's
other ideas for reforming health care include bringing down health care costs, reforming
tax laws,
limiting frivolous malpractice lawsuits, and allowing medical savings accounts.7 
Like some of the other candidates, Senator McCain wants to use some of the budget
surplus to fund medical insurance for the 11 million uninsured children in America. With
the 10%
surplus the US is experiencing at present, many of the candidates wish to put it into
education. 
However, McCain feels strongly about directing the surplus toward the uninsured children
of
America. When asked about the large population of uninsured children, McCain responded,
"We've got to expand the children's health insurance program. And I'll tell you what: I
have the
guts to take the money where it shouldn't be spent in Washington, and put it where it
should be
spent, including 10% of the surplus."8
Another crucial issue in the upcoming election is free trade and immigration, a topic
that
seems to reveal only minimal differences among the four candidates. Bill Bradley, the
most liberal
candidate on this topic, strongly supports allowing immigrants to remain in the United
States
regardless of where they are from and is a strong supporter of organizations such as the
WTO and
NAFTA. In 1986, a law was passed that granted amnesty to those who were here before 1982.

Unfortunately, many people here before 1982 did not apply for this program. Bradley
believes
that there should be "late" amnesty for those individuals who did not apply because they
are, in
many respects, the backbone of the American workforce. Senator Bradley also believes that
the
United States has and must continue to rely on the WTO for much of our trade agreements
with
foreign companies. When questioned about trade, Bradley simply states, "I think the
answer to a
lot of our economic problems is more trade, more fairly shared worldwide."9
Al Gore has views similar to that of fellow Democrat Bill Bradley. Like Bradley, Gore is
a strong supporter of immigration and trade organizations such as the WTO and NAFTA. 
However, unlike Bradley, Gore believes the United States to address the immigration
situation in
communist Cuba differently from non-communist countries. Gore also looks at immigration
as an
opportunity to solve our country's labor shortage. A strong supporter of free and fair
trade, Gore
has been a national leader in opening markets around the world while at the same time
protecting
environmental and labor rights.10 
Texas Governor George W. Bush has also shown his support for the WTO, NAFTA and
free trade. Bush's plans for trade in the new millennium, however, are somewhat
different. The
Governor wants to eliminate trade barriers and tariffs everywhere so the whole world can
trade in
complete freedom. Bush also supports of revising export controls to tighten control over
military
technology and ease restrictions on technology available commercially. Bush has views
more
conservative than his two democratic opponents on immigration. Governor Bush supports
border
enforcement programs such as Operation Hold the Line, programs that concentrate on
border
patrol officers and resources at known boarder-crossing points. Bush also favors
"compassionately" turning away Mexicans at the border instead of arresting aliens once in
the
country.11
Similar to that of his three opponents, John McCain has established views that support
NAFTA, the WTO and free trade. McCain has always been a strong supporter of maintaining
"open" borders with Mexico and recognizes Mexico as one of our leading trade partners. 
However, McCain emphasizes that we as country cannot become lackadaisical in our efforts
to
control our trade with Mexico. He believes it is a "balancing act," allowing as much free
trade as
possible, while at the same time preventing illegal drugs from entering the United
States. In
addition to supporting free trade, McCain also intends to provide immigrants with more
help once
here in the states. Among the principles McCain supports are: increasing eligibility of
legal
immigrants for certain social programs, increasing the immigration quota for computer
scientists
and other information technology workers, and prohibiting states from passing laws that
deny
human services illegal immigrants or their children. McCain believes that these are the
steps that
need to be taken to work for more rights for immigrants.12 
While these four experienced politicians, each of whom holds or has previously held high
public office, struggle to articulate differences between them on the major issues of the
day, there
is, in reality, little difference between them. This is particularly true given the
booming economy
and a certain level of complacency among the American population. These similarities
have
spawned the candidacies of politicians such as Pat Buchanan who himself has struggled to
define
his own positions and appeal to the American electorate. In reality, many have come to
view our
political system as a one party system, perhaps one with "two heads," each of which
espouses
similar if not identical positions on virtually all major issues and has great difficulty
in defining
itself to the voting public therefore generating little excitement in the greatest
democracy in the
world.
Bibliography
"Al Gore 2000," Gore 2000, Inc. http://www.algore2000.com (viewed 4/03/00). 
"Bill Bradley for Prez 2000 (unofficial)," http://www.killyourtv.com/billbradley (viewed
3/22/00).
"The Conservative Caucus," The Conservative Caucus, Inc. 
http://www.conservativeUSA.org/pres2000.htm (viewed 3/18/00). 
"The Democratic National Committee," Democratic National Committee Services Corp.
http://www.democrats.org (viewed 4/03/00).
"Election 2000," America Online, Inc. http://election2000.aol.com. (viewed 
3/13/00).
"Fosters Daily Democratic Business," Geo J. Foster Co. 
http://www.fosters.com/2000/index.htm (viewed 4/01/00)
"George W. Bush for President Official Home Page," Bush for President, Inc. 
http://www.georgewbush.com (viewed 4/04/00).
"GoVote.com," GoVote.com, Inc. http://www.GoVote.com/votematch/index.asp (viewed
4/10/00).
"Issues 2000," Issues2000.org. http://www.issues2000.org (viewed 4/02/00).
"John McCain for President Official Site," McCain 2000, Inc. 
http://www.mccain2000.com (viewed 2/12/00).
"New York Republican Information,"
http://www.fastlane.net/homepages/weide/nygop.shtml (viewed 3/21/00)
"NRCC Home Page," National Republican Congressional Committee. 
http://www.nrcc.org (viewed 4/06/00).
"Politics.com" Politics.com, Inc. http://www.Politics.com (viewed 4/05/00).
"Politics 1," Ron Gunzburger. http://www.politics1.com/p2000.htm (viewed 3/14/00).
"Presidential Campaign Watch 2000," Presidentialwatch.com. 
http://www.presidentialwatch.com (viewed 2/13/00).
"2000 GOP.com - John McCain," 2000 GOP.com Inc. http://www.2000gop.com/mccain
(viewed 3/21/00).